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cfa mock exam pdf level 2
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@kurban22 I presume you mean CFA Institute mock paper? I believe the mocks are available online only (during my time few years ago), but will let others (current candidates) in the community confirm this.
Those who print their exams out and take them on paper will lose the ability to track their scores in the system (unless they also enter their questions online before hitting submit). There is no way to manually score their papers and insert their score into the system for tracking.
Supplementary Fig. 5. Expression of CD4, CD8, CD25, CD40, CD40L, FoxP3 and active Caspase-3 transcripts in spleen of immunized and infected mice. BALB/c mice were immunized and infected as described in the legend to Fig. 1. Spleens were removed from each animal on days 5, 10, 14 and 28 post-infection were processed for RNA extraction. CD4, CD8, CD25, CD40, CD40L, Active Caspase-3 and FoxP3 expression in naive mice was used to estimate the relative expression of each transcript in corneas of mice in gK-, gD-, or mock- immunized groups. GAPDH expression was used to normalize the relative expression of each transcript in spleen of gK-, gD-, or mock-immunized mice. Each point represents the mean SEM from 3 mice. Panels: A) CD4 transcript; B) CD8 transcript; C) FoxP3 transcript; D) CD25 transcript; E) CD40 transcript; F) CD40L transcript and G) Active Caspase-3 transcript. *, **, *** significantly different at P
Positive ions play a fundamental role in interstellar chemistry, especially in cold environments where chemistry is believed to be mainly ion driven. However, in contrast with neutral species, most of the cations present in the astrochemical reaction networks are not fully characterized in the astrochemical literature. To fill this gap, we have carried out new accurate quantum chemical calculations to identify the structures and energies of 262 cations with up to 14 atoms that are postulated to have a role in interstellar chemistry. Optimized structures and rotational constants were obtained at the M06-2X/cc-pVTZ level, while electric dipoles and total electronic energies were computed with CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/cc-pVTZ single-point energy calculations. The present work complements the study by Woon & Herbst, who characterized the structure and energies of 200 neutral species also involved in interstellar chemistry. Taken together, the two data sets can be used to estimate whether a reaction, postulated in present astrochemical reaction networks, is feasible from a thermochemistry point of view and, consequently, to improve the reliability of the present networks used to simulate the interstellar chemistry. We provide an actual example of the potential use of the cations plus neutral data sets. It shows that two reactions, involving Si-bearing ions and present in the widely used reaction networks KIDA and UMIST, cannot occur in the cold interstellar medium because they are endothermic.
The LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey (LAMOST-MRS) provides an unprecedented opportunity for detecting multiline spectroscopic systems. Based on the cross correlation function and successive derivatives, we search for spectroscopic binaries and triples and derive their radial velocities (RVs) from the LAMOST-MRS spectra. A Monte Carlo simulation is adopted to estimate the RV uncertainties. After examining over 1.3 million LAMOST DR7 MRS blue-arm spectra, we obtain 3133 spectroscopic binary (SB) and 132 spectroscopic triple (ST) candidates, which account for 1.2% of the LAMOST-MRS stars. Over 95% of the candidates are newly discovered. It is found that all of the ST candidates are on the main sequence, while around 10% of the SB candidates may have one or two components on the red giant branch.
We present an analysis of mock X-ray spectra and light curves of magnetic cataclysmic variables using an upgraded version of the 3D cyclops code. This 3D representation of the accretion flow allows us to properly model total and partial occultation of the postshock region by the white dwarf as well as the modulation of the X-ray light curves due to the phase-dependent extinction of the preshock region. We carried out detailed postshock region modeling in a four-dimensional parameter space by varying the white dwarf mass and magnetic field strength as well as the magnetosphere radius and the specific accretion rate. To calculate the postshock region temperature and density profiles, we assumed equipartition between ions and electrons; took into account the white dwarf gravitational potential, the finite size of the magnetosphere, and a dipole-like magnetic field geometry; and considered cooling by both bremsstrahlung and cyclotron radiative processes. By investigating the impact of the parameters on the resulting X-ray continuum spectra, we show that there is an inevitable degeneracy in the four-dimensional parameter space investigated here, which compromises X-ray continuum spectral fitting strategies and can lead to incorrect parameter estimates. However, the inclusion of X-ray light curves in different energy ranges can break this degeneracy, and it therefore remains, in principle, possible to use X-ray data to derive fundamental parameters of magnetic cataclysmic variables, which represents an essential step toward understanding their formation and evolution.
A lower bound on unbiased estimates of wave front errors (WFEs) is presented for the linear regime of small perturbation and active control of a high-contrast region (dark hole). Analytical approximations and algorithms for computing the closed-loop covariance of the WFE modes are provided for discrete- and continuous-time linear WFE dynamics. Our analysis applies to both image-plane and non-common-path wave front sensing (WFS) with Poisson-distributed measurements and noise sources (i.e., photon-counting mode). Under this assumption, we show that recursive estimation benefits from infinitesimally short exposure times, is more accurate than batch estimation and, for high-order WFE drift dynamical processes, scales better than batch estimation with amplitude and star brightness. These newly derived contrast scaling laws are a generalization of previously known theoretical and numerical results for turbulence-driven adaptive optics. For space-based coronagraphs, we propose a scheme for combining models of WFE drift, low-order non-common-path WFS (LOWFS) and high-order image-plane WFS (HOWFS) into closed-loop contrast estimates. We also analyze the impact of residual low-order WFE, sensor noise, and other sources incoherent with the star, on closed-loop dark hole maintenance and the resulting contrast. As an application example, our model suggests that the Roman Space Telescope might operate in a regime that is dominated by incoherent sources rather than WFE drift, where the WFE drift can be actively rejected throughout the observations with residuals significantly dimmer than the incoherent sources. The models proposed in this paper make possible the assessment of the closed-loop contrast of coronagraphs with combined LOWFS and HOWFS capabilities, and thus help estimate WFE stability requirements of future instruments. 2ff7e9595c
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